The ending of Terminator Salvation is a heart transplant: John Connor survives only because Marcus Wright gives him his own heart and dies. Spoilers follow.
After the base is destroyed, John's heart is fatally damaged. Marcus offers his own heart and dies so John can live. John then radios the Resistance to say this battle is won but the war against the machines goes on. That closing line sets up further fighting against Skynet rather than a final victory.
Marcus's final act reverses Skynet's purpose for him: the machine built to bring John down is the reason John lives. He begins as a condemned prisoner who signed his body away in 2003, and Skynet rebuilt him specifically to lure John into a trap. Once he breaks free of Skynet's control, the transplant has a clear cause in the story.
The order of the last scenes matters. Inside the Skynet base, Marcus fights on the Resistance's side, a T-800 stabs John through the chest, and Marcus tears off the machine's head. John then blows up the base and the group escapes. Only after that escape does the film turn to John's heart, which is too badly damaged to survive. The fight shows that Marcus has picked a side before the transplant asks him to pay for it.
In my opinion, the transplant is the strongest idea in the film because it answers the deal Marcus made earlier. In Los Angeles, after he is wounded and revealed to be a cyborg, John's soldiers distrust him, and he offers to help free the prisoners in return for his life. The ending has him spend that life instead of keeping it. Nobody has to argue the soldiers into trusting him in dialogue; the act settles it. It also loops back to the 2003 opening, where a condemned prisoner signs his body over to Serena Kogan. A body given away for Cyberdyne's research is given away a second time, and this time Marcus chooses it.
Production context explains the scale of the finale. According to Wikipedia, principal photography ran from May 5 to July 20, 2008, mainly around Albuquerque, New Mexico, including Kirtland Air Force Base, with pickups in January 2009. Box Office Mojo lists the budget at $200 million, and Shane Hurlbut was the cinematographer. TMDB credits John Brancato, Michael Ferris and James Cameron as writers, and McG as director.
Against the rest of the series, the ending stands apart in two ways. Terminator Salvation is the fourth film, after Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines and before Terminator Genisys, and it is the first Terminator film rated PG-13, where the earlier films were R-rated. Its final image is also a radio call, not a victory: John tells the Resistance that this battle is won but the war goes on. That leaves Skynet standing, and it leaves John, with another man's heart, as the Resistance's leader and a name on the Skynet kill list next to the young Kyle Reese.